US 12585648 B2 / Mar 24, 2026

Efficient query execution for ontology-based databases

A system for efficient query execution over ontology-based databases and related methods are disclosed. The system is programmed to receive an ontology query from a user account against an ontology having access controls, and transform the ontology query into a set of database queries, including a set of exact aggregations or joins. The system is programmed to then estimate how much data processing is to be performed in executing the set of exact aggregations or joins, considering how much data in the ontology can be accessed by the user account under the access controls. Upon determining that the estimated amount of data processing exceeds a threshold, the system is programmed to route the set of exact aggregations or joins to a set of nodes optimized for large-scale data processing.